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Many organizations use disk image cloning to perform mass rollouts of Windows. This technique involves copying the disks of a fully installed and configured Windows computer onto the disk drives of other computers. These other computers effectively appear to have been through the same install process, and are immediately available for use.
While this method saves hours of work and hassle over other rollout approaches, it has the major problem that every cloned system has an identical Computer Security Identifier SID. This fact compromises security in Workgroup environments, and removable media security can also be compromised in networks with multiple identical computer SIDs. Demand from the Windows community has lead Symantec and Altiris to develop programs that can change a computer's SID after a system has been cloned.
It is free, comes with full source, and is a Win32 program, meaning that it can easily be run on systems that have been previously cloned. NET Server. One of the most popular ways of performing mass Windows rollouts typically hundreds of computers in corporate environments is based on the technique of disk cloning. A system administrator installs the base operating system and add-on software used in the company on a template computer. After configuring the machine for operation in the company network, automated disk or system duplication tools such as Symantec's Ghost , PowerQuest's Image Drive , Altiris' RapiDeploy , and Innovative Software's ImageCast are used to copy the template computer's drives onto tens or hundreds of computers.
These clones are then given final tweaks, such as the assignment of unique names, and then used by company employees. Another popular way of rolling out is by using the Microsoft sysdiff utility part of the Windows Resource Kit. This tool requires that the system administrator perform a full install usually a scripted unattended installation on each computer, and then sysdiff automates the application of add-on software install images.
Because the installation is skipped, and because disk sector copying is more efficient than file copying, a cloned-based rollout can save dozens of hours over a comparable sysdiff install. In addition, the system administrator does not have to learn how to use unattended install or sysdiff , or create and debug install scripts.
This alone saves hours of work. The problem with cloning is that it is only supported by Microsoft in a very limited sense. Microsoft has stated that cloning systems is only supported if it is done before the GUI portion of Windows Setup has been reached. When the install reaches this point the computer is assigned a name and a unique computer SID. If a system is cloned after this step the cloned machines will all have identical computer SIDs.
Note that just changing the computer name or adding the computer to a different domain does not change the computer SID. Changing the name or domain only changes the domain SID if the computer was previously associated with a domain. To understand the problem that cloning can cause, it is first necessary to understand how individual local accounts on a computer are assigned SIDs.
The RID starts at a fixed value, and is increased by one for each account created. This means that the second account on one computer, for example, will be given the same RID as the second account on a clone.
The result is that both accounts have the same SID. Thus, if two computers have users with the same SID, the Workgroup will not be able to distinguish between the users. All resources, including files and Registry keys, that one user has access to, the other will as well.
Another instance where duplicate SIDs can cause problems is where there is removable media formated with NTFS, and local account security attributes are applied to files and directories.
If such a media is moved to a different computer that has the same SID, then local accounts that otherwise would not be able to access the files might be able to if their account IDs happened to match those in the security attributes.
This is not be possible if computers have different SIDs. It discusses the duplicate SID issue in more detail, and presents Microsoft's official stance on cloning.
It first generates a random SID for the computer, and proceeds to update instances of the existing computer SID it finds in the Registry and in file security descriptors, replacing occurrences with the new SID. NewSID requires administrative privileges to run. It has two functions: changing the SID, and changing the computer name. For example:. Would have NewSID run without prompting, change the computer name to "newname" and have it reboot the computer if everything goes okay. Simply choose the "Synchronize SID" button and enter the target computer's name.
You must have permissions to change the security settings of the target computer's Registry keys, which typically means that you must be logged in as a domain administrator to use this feature.
Note that when you run NewSID that the size of the Registry will grow, so make sure that the maximum Registry size will accomodate growth. We have found that this growth has no perceptible impact on system performace. The reason the Registry grows is that it becomes fragmented as temporary security settings are applied by NewSID. When the settings are removed the Registry is not compacted.
Note that while we have thoroughly tested NewSID , you must use it at your own risk. As with any software that changes file and Registry settings, it is highly recommended that you completely back-up your computer before running NewSID. Here are the steps you should follow when you want to move a BDC from one domain to another:.
This key has a value named F and a value named V. The V value is a binary value that has the computer SID embedded within it at the end of its data. NewSID ensures that this SID is in a standard format 3 bit subauthorities preceded by three bit authority fields. NewSID 's generation takes great pains to create a truly random bit value, which replaces the bits of the 3 subauthority values that make up a computer SID. Three phases to the computer SID replacement follow.
When the SID is found in a value it is replaced with the new computer SID, and when the SID is found in a name, the key and its subkeys are copied to a new subkey that has the same name except with the new SID replacing the old. The final two phases involve updating security descriptors. Registry keys and NTFS files have security associated with them. Security descriptors consist of an entry that identifies which account owns the resource, which group is the primary group owner, an optional list of entries that specify actions permitted by users or groups known as the Discretionary Access Control List - DACL , and an optional list of entries that specify which actions performed by certain users or groups will generate entries in the system Event Log System Access Control List - SACL.
The first part of security descriptor updates occurs on all NTFS file system files on the computer. Every security descriptor is scanned for occurrences of the computer SID. The second part of security descriptor updates is performed on the Registry. First, NewSID must make sure that it scans all hives, not just those that are loaded. Updates are performed the same as for files, and when its done NewSID unloads the user hives it loaded.
Default hive. NewSID ensures that it can access and modify every file and Registry key in the system by giving itself the following privileges: System, Backup, Restore and Take Ownership. Full source code to NewSID has been provided for educational purposes. You may not use this code in a commercial or freeware SID-changing product, but you may use its techniques in other programs for private or commercial use.
NewSID Duplicate SID changer - Smart-X Free Download - Windows 10 System Requirements for 32/64 Bit
NewSID requires administrative privileges to run. It has two functions: changing the SID, and changing the computer name. This key has a value named F and a value named V. The V value is a binary value that has the computer SID embedded within it at the end of its data. NewSID ensures that this SID is in a standard format 3 bit subauthorities preceded by three bit authority fields. NewSID's generation takes great pains to create a truly random bit value, which replaces the bits of the 3 subauthority values that make up a computer SID.
Three phases to the computer SID replacement follow. When the SID is found in a value it is replaced with the new computer SID, and when the SID is found in a name, the key and its subkeys are copied to a new subkey that has the same name except with the new SID replacing the old.
The final two phases involve updating security descriptors. Registry keys and NTFS files have security associated with them. Security descriptors consist of an entry that identifies which account owns the resource, which group is the primary group owner, an optional list of entries that specify actions permitted by users or groups known as the Discretionary Access Control List - DACL , and an optional list of entries that specify which actions performed by certain users or groups will generate entries in the system Event Log System Access Control List - SACL.
The first part of security descriptor updates occurs on all NTFS file system files on the computer. Every security descriptor is scanned for occurrences of the computer SID. The second part of security descriptor updates is performed on the Registry. First, NewSID must make sure that it scans all hives, not just those that are loaded.
Updates are performed the same as for files, and when its done NewSID unloads the user hives it loaded. Default hive. NewSID ensures that it can access and modify every file and Registry key in the system by giving itself the following privileges: System, Backup, Restore and Take Ownership.
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Wise Folder Hider Easily hide important or personal files, folders or even an entire USB Drive with only a few mouse clicks, keeping them safe with a password. When the install reaches this point the computer is assigned a name and a unique computer SID.
If a system is cloned after this step the cloned machines will all have identical computer SIDs. Note that just changing the computer name or adding the computer to a different domain does not change the computer SID. Changing the name or domain only changes the domain SID if the computer was previously associated with a domain. To understand the problem that cloning can cause, it is first necessary to understand how individual local accounts on a computer are assigned SIDs.
The RID starts at a fixed value, and is increased by one for each account created. This means that the second account on one computer, for example, will be given the same RID as the second account on a clone. The result is that both accounts have the same SID. Thus, if two computers have users with the same SID, the Workgroup will not be able to distinguish between the users.
All resources, including files and Registry keys, that one user has access to, the other will as well. Another instance where duplicate SIDs can cause problems is where there is removable media formatted with NTFS, and local account security attributes are applied to files and directories.
If such a media is moved to a different computer that has the same SID, then local accounts that otherwise would not be able to access the files might be able to if their account IDs happened to match those in the security attributes. This is not be possible if computers have different SIDs. It discusses the duplicate SID issue in more detail, and presents Microsoft's official stance on cloning. It first generates a random SID for the computer, and proceeds to update instances of the existing computer SID it finds in the Registry and in file security descriptors, replacing occurrences with the new SID.
NewSID requires administrative privileges to run. It has two functions: changing the SID, and changing the computer name. For example:. Would have NewSID run without prompting, change the computer name to "newname" and have it reboot the computer if everything goes okay.
Simply choose the "Synchronize SID" button and enter the target computer's name. You must have permissions to change the security settings of the target computer's Registry keys, which typically means that you must be logged in as a domain administrator to use this feature. Note that when you run NewSID that the size of the Registry will grow, so make sure that the maximum Registry size will accommodate growth.
We have found that this growth has no perceptible impact on system performance.
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